Lock.



J. L. POLLOCK. I

LOCK.

APPLICATION men APR.26, 1915.

1,165,443, Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

J. L. POLLOCK.

LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED 1PR.26, 1915.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

I lwuamtoa:

tij!

JOHN LEWIS POLLOCK, OF STERLING, ILLINOIS.

LOCK.

Application filed April 26, 1915.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, JOHN Lnwrs FopLooK, a citizen of the United States, res ding at Sterling, in the county of Vvhlteside and State of Illinois, have invented certaln new and useful Improvements in Locks, of whlch the following is a specification.

My invention has reference to locks, and more particularly to that classwhich are commonly known as cylinder locks. The chief purpose thereof is. to provide a snnple and durable lock, in the mechanical construction of which no springs are employed, and which cannot be picked, or unlocked by other than the key belonging thereto. The lock is also susceptible of a great variety of changes of construction, so that an innu merable number of combinations can be produced, permitting the use of a large number of locks in a series, for use in the same building, without duplicatmg any thereof, and none of which can be unlocked with a key belonging to another look. These and other advantages of my device will be more readily perceived from the following specification, reference being had to the drawings accompanying the same, in which.

Figure 1 is a medial vertical section, longitudinally of my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view with a key in place therein. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the cylinder 1, in position in a door. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on the broken line 0:a0 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a crosssection of the key-plug 3. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section thereof. Fig. 7 shows one of the wards 6, in detail. Fig. 8 is a sectional view, similar to Fig. 1, showing one adaptation of the lock. Figs. 9 and 10 show 'difl'erent forms of the Wards 6. Fig. 11 is an end view of the key-plug 3. Fig. 12 illustrates the use of my invention in connection with a turn-button on the inside of the door, a part of the cylinder 1 being cut away.

Fig. 13 is a cross-section inthe line yy of Fig. 12. Figs. 14: and views, with the parts shown therein in different positions. Fig. 16 is an inner end view of the key-plug and member 31. Fig. 17 is an end view of one of the check-pins 11.

15 are similar Corresponding parts are indicated by similar numbers throughout the several figures. i

1 represents a cylinder, provided with a longitudinal opening 2, in which a key-plug Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 28, 1915. Serial No. 23,846.

3 is held, so as to rotate therein. The cylinder 1 is provided in its upper part with a longitudinal recess 4 and a plurality of transverse recesses 5, to accommodate a similar number of semi-circular wards 6, pro vided in their upper edges with recesses 7 and in their lower edges with recesses 8. The key-plug 3 is provided with corresponding recesses 9 which are projected downwardly at one side into extensions 10, (dotted lines, Fig. 6) which permit a partial. rotation of the key-plug without interference from the Wards 6.

Supported by one or more pairs of the wards 6 are checkpins 11, by means of small. lugs at the upper corners of said pins engaged in the recesses 7 of said wards. Said pins are capable of vertical movement in the channel 1, the lower ends of said pins being normally projected downwardly into a keyway 12 in the key'plug 3, so as to lock such key-plug from rotation. WVhen the wards 6 and pins 11' are in place the cylinder 1 is inclosed in a shell 13, the lock being then placed in position when in use by setting the same in an opening 14 formed in a door 15, and held in place by means of screws 16 passing through a plate 17 on the inside of the door and entering threaded openings 18 in the cylinder 1.

19 is a key provided with recesses 20 corresponding in shape and position with the recesses in the cylinder 1 and key-plug 3. The recesses 8 in the wards 6 are in line with the upper part of the keyway 12, so that the key can be introduced into the lock without interference from said wards. The upper edge of the key raises the several pins 11 in its passage inwardly, until when thekey is fully introduced, all of such pins are raised out of the key-way 12, and do not interfere with the turning of the keyplug. When the key is in this position the recesses therein correspond with those in the cylinder and are in line with the several wards 6, so that the key can be turned without interference from said wards.

At its extreme inner position the key engages a key-piece 21, by a partial rotation of which a bolt can be withdrawn or a latch released in the usual manner.

The wards 6 project downwardly to about the center of the cylinder 1, but they vary somewhat in form, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10, so that some of saidwards extend downwardly to a greater depth than others. Said Wards are also formed so as to possess a varying degree of thickness, or gage, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the recesses in the cylinder, key-plug and key being made to conform thereto. The spacing between the wards 6 can also be varied as desired, to provide a multiplicity of combinations in connection with the wards and pins. The pins are preferably formed so as to be wedge-shaped in cross-section, so as to prevent any attempt to raise the same with a wire or other instrument. See Fig. 17.

The transverse recesses in the cylinder 1, key-plug 3 and key 19 can be simply and accurately provided by holding such parts rigidly in a jig, with the key in position in the key-plug, as shown in Fig. 2, and cutting all of said recesses with one operation of a set of cutters. When the desired depth of cut is secured, by a partial rotation of the key-plug the extensions 10 of the recesses 9 are produced. This not only greatly simplifies theoperation, but the recesses in the three parts operated upon must necessarily coincide.

In addition to the means hereinbefore set forth for guarding against the operation of the lock by any but the right key, one or more foil-pins 22 may beprovided in the key'plug 3, projecting a slight distance into the key-way 12, (Fig. 5) and corresponding in position with grooves 23 in the sides of the key 19. It will be obvious that no key can be inserted into the look a required dis .tance that does not possess grooves corresponding to such pins. The formation of the grooves does not interfere with the general form of the key, and the opening 2-1 in the outer end of the key-plug can be formed with perfectly straight and parallel side edges, so as not to indicate the location of the pins 22 or conformation of the interior of the lock, as is the case in some devices of this kind.

In Fig. 8 is shown an adaptation of my device wherein two of the wards (5 are used, with one of the pins 11 between the same. In cutting the recesses in the cylinder, keyplug and keythe cutters are first operated at a point near the forward end of the lock,

tance in the opposite direction, so that the forming a lock and key of that particular design. -For the next operation the cutters are moved rearwardly a fraction of an inch,

or the jig holding the lock moved such dis-v recesses in the next lock and key will vary a fraction of an inch from those of the first lock. By continuing this operation a set of locks can be produced each key of which will fit its particular lock and no other. The variousstages of the cuttings are indicated by the broken lines 6 of Fig. 8. By varying the thickness of-the wards 6 and the depth 65.

thereof, and the spacing between the same,

innumerable combinations can be formed,

which can be further added to by changing the number of wards and check-pins.

A still greater field of combinations is provided by the foil-pins 22, which can be set in the key-plug in a great variety of positions, in connection with the combinations of the wards and check-pins. A system therefor may be provided as indicated by vertical and horizontal broken lines in the wards shown in Figs. 9 and 10 were employed in the lock shown in Fig. 8 the set could be desi nated. as an A N combination, A N indicating the first position of the wards. A N a and so on. If the pins 22 were used in connection with such set, the designation of the various locks of the set might be A N 1, A N 2 and so on, the number The second position would be p indicating the location of the pins. By this means it would not be difficult to keep track of the various combinations.

In Fig. 12 is shown an adaptation of my invention, whereby it can be made to operate with a turn-button mechanism on the inside of the door, to release a latch or throw it into operative position. Such a mechanism is shown and described in an application for Letters Patent of the United States filed by me-Aprili'th, 1915, Serial No. 19,636, for improvements in latches. In said Fig. 12 a turn-button25 is mounted in the plate '17, andconnected with a spindle 26, provided vith an extension 27, connected with. the part 26 by means of a slipjoint. The member 27 is provided at its inner end with a head 28', provided with a slot 29. One side of the head 28 is cutaway to accommodate an arc-shaped pro ection 30 on the inner end a barrel 31, connected with which onthe outer side of the door is a turn-button The barrel 31 is inter posed between the cylinder .1 and key-plug 3, the upper part thereof being cut away so as not to interfere with the operation of the wards andcheck-pins. At its outer end the barrel-81' is provided with a slot 33,

engaged by a pin 31- .tixed in the key-plug 3.

This permits about a quarter-turn of said barrel independently of the key-plug, in a direction shown by the small arrows in Figs. 13 and 1 1. W'hen the slot 29 is in a'vertical position it is in line with the key-way 12,

and the end of the key can connect therewith, and be employed to turn the spindle ,26 and mechanisms connected therewith.

When said slot is in a vertical position the parts are in a locked position. If it is desired to unlock the door from the inside, the turnbutton is operated to give the spin- .dle 27 a quarter-turn, into the position ing a quarter-turn to the barrel 31 and spindle 26, as indicated by the small. arrow in Fig. '15. This obviates the necessity of stopping, taking a key from the pocket, locking the door and replacing the key. It will be seen, however, that when the part 27 is in looking position, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, the barrel 31 can be given a quarterturn in either direction without afl'ecting the part 27 in any way. WVhenthe door is locked, therefore, it is impossible to unlock it by means of the knob 32. The only oper 'ation which such knob can have is to turn the spindle into locking position from the outside of the door when such spindle is in an unlocked position. The operation of the spindle in looking or unlocking the door is also entirely independent of the barrel 31. It is also true that if it were possible to turn the keyplug 3 with some instrument other than the key, such operation would not turn the spindle 27 unless it connected therewith.

rotatably held in said opening and provided with a key-way and recesses corresponding and coinciding with said first-named recesses; and key-restraining wards of varying thicknesses located in said recesses and provided in theirlower edges with recesses in line with said key-way.

3. A lock, comprising a cylinder, provided with a central opening and transverse recesses opening into the same; a key-plug rotatably held in said opening and provided with a key-Way and transverse recesses corresponding and coinciding with the recesses in said cylinder; and key-restraining wards extending into said cylinder varying distances, and provided in their lower edges with recesses in line with said key-way, the recesses in said cylinder and key-plug conforming in shape to the wards located therein.

4. A look, comprising a cylinder provided with a central longitudinal opening and transverse recesses opening into the same;

a key-plug rotatably held in said opening and provided with a key-way and transverse recesses corresponding and coinciding with the recesses in said cylinder; and key-restraining wards of varying thicknesses and extending into said cylinder varying distances, and provided on their lower edges with recesses in line with said key-Way, the recesses in said cylinder and key-plug con forming in shape to. the wards located therein.

5. A look, comprising a cylinder having a longitudinal and transverse recesses in its upper part; and provided with a central longitudinal opening; a key-plug rotatably held in said opening and provided with a keyway and transverse recesses corresponding and coinciding with the recesses in said cylinder; a plurality oi keyrestraining wards located in said recesses and provided in their lower edges with recesses in line with said keyway; and one or more checkpins vertically movable in the spaces between said wards, and normally holding said key-plug from rotation.

6. A look, comprising a cylinder provided with longitudinal and transverse recesses and a central longitudinal opening communicating therewith; a key-plug rotatably mounted in said opening and provided with a key-way and transverse recesses correspon ding and coinciding with the transverse recesses in said cylinder; key-restraining wards of varying thicknesses held in said transverse recesses and provided with openings in line with said key-way; and one or more check-pins vertically movable in the spaces between said wards, and normally locking said key-plug from rotation.

r. A lock, comprlsing a cylinder provided with a longitudinal recess and a plurality of'transverse recesses and a central longitudinal opening communicating therewith; a key-plug rotatably mounted in said opening and provided with a key-way and transverse recesses corresponding and coinciding with the transverse recesses in said cylinder; key-restraining Wards of varying thicknesses and projected into said cylinder varying distances, and provided with openings in line with said key-way; and one or more check-pins vertically movable in the spaces between said wards and normally locking said key-plug from rotation.

8. A look, comprising a cylinder having a longitudinal and transverse recesses in its upper part, and provided with a central longitudinal opening communicating therewith; a key-plug rotatably mounted in said opening and provided with a key-way and transverse recesses corresponding and coinciding with the transverse recesses in said a cylinder, the spaces between said recesses benicating therewith; a key-plug rotatably mounted in said opening and provided with a key-way and transverse recesses corre-- spending and coinciding with the trans verse recesses 1n sa1d cyllnder; key-restrain ing wards held in said recesses and provided with openings in line with said key-way; one or more check-pins vertically movable in the spaces between said wards, and normally locking saidkey-plug from rotation; and one or more foil-pins fixed in said keyplug and projecting into the key-way therein.

10, A lock, comprising a cylinder-provided with longitudinal and transverse re- Copies of this patent may be obtained for cesses and a central longitudinal opening communicating therewith; a barrel'rotatably mounted in said cylinder; a key-plug rotatably mounted in said barrel andprovided with a key-way; 'wards located in said cylinder so as to project, into said keyplug and provided with recesses in linewith said key-way; cl1eck-pins vertically movable between said wards and normally holding said key-plug from turning; a spindle in line with said key-plug and provided with rey-connectingameans; means carried 7 bysaid barrel for turning said spmdle to v locking position; means for operating said barrel; and means forlimiting the movement of said barrel with relation to said key-plug. V

11; A lock, comprising a cylinder pro vided with a central longitudinal openingf a key-plug rotatable'insaid opening and provided with a suitable key-Way; two'or more key-restra1nmg wards located in said 0 linder so as'to ro'ectinto said'ke lu 1 i i r .7 m

and provided with recesses in line with said key-way; and one-or more check-pins ver:

tically movable in said cylinder,alternating with said ards, and normally holding sa d key-plug from rotation.

In testimony whereof I aiilx my signature in presence of two witnesses.

e f JO]? a LEWIS POLLQCK.

lVitnessesz V w W. N. hesitant, V FRANK W. HASKELLL V five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. G. 

